What to check for non-menstrual bleeding
Non-menstrual bleeding is one of the common gynecological problems in women, which may be caused by a variety of reasons, such as hormonal imbalance, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, cervical lesions, etc. To determine the cause, doctors usually recommend a series of tests. The following are common examination items for non-menstrual bleeding and their significance.
1. Common inspection items
| Check items | Inspection purpose | Applicable situations |
|---|---|---|
| Gynecological examination | Observe the vulva, vagina, and cervix for abnormalities | Preliminary investigation of inflammation, cervical lesions, etc. |
| Ultrasound examination (B-ultrasound) | Examine the structure of the uterus and ovaries | Check for fibroids, polyps, cysts, etc. |
| Six hormone tests | Assess hormone levels | Suspected endocrine disorder |
| Cervical TCT/HPV examination | Screening for cervical precancerous lesions | Rule out cervical lesions |
| hysteroscopy | Direct observation of the inside of the uterine cavity | Suspected intimal polyps, adhesions, etc. |
| diagnostic curettage | Obtain endometrial tissue pathology examination | Suspected endometrial lesions or cancer |
2. Basis for selection of inspection items
Doctors will select examination items based on the patient's age, bleeding characteristics, accompanying symptoms, etc. For example:
1.young women: Give priority to six hormone tests and ultrasound examination to rule out polycystic ovary syndrome or luteal insufficiency.
2.perimenopausal women: Be wary of endometrial lesions, which may require hysteroscopy or diagnostic curettage.
3.Sexually active women: Cervical TCT/HPV examination must be performed to rule out cervical precancerous lesions.
3. Precautions before inspection
1. Avoid sexual intercourse, vaginal douching or medication 3 days before the examination.
2. Ultrasound examination requires holding urine (transabdominal ultrasound) or emptying the bladder (transvaginal ultrasound).
3. Hormone tests are usually performed on days 2-5 of menstruation.
4. Hysteroscopy should be performed during the menstrual period.
4. Possible causes and corresponding examinations
| possible causes | Typical performance | critical check |
|---|---|---|
| Ovulation bleeding | Small amount of bleeding in the middle of menstruation, no discomfort | Hormone test, B-ultrasound |
| Uterine fibroids | Increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual period | B-ultrasound, hysteroscopy |
| endometrial polyps | Irregular bleeding, which may be asymptomatic | B-ultrasound, hysteroscopy |
| cervical cancer | Contact bleeding and abnormal secretions | TCT, HPV, biopsy |
| Endocrine disorders | Cycle disorders, acne, hirsutism | Six hormones, thyroid function |
5. Medical advice
1.emergency medical attention: If the bleeding is heavy (soaking the sanitary napkin in 1-2 hours), accompanied by dizziness and abdominal pain.
2.Routine medical consultation: Record bleeding time, amount, and color changes, and carry past examination reports.
3.Review and follow-up: Hormone drugs need to be reviewed regularly, and polyps/fibroids require follow-up after surgery.
6. Prevention and daily management
1. Maintain a regular schedule and avoid excessive dieting or obesity.
2. Have an annual gynecological examination, including ultrasound and cervical screening.
3. Abnormal bleeding that lasts for more than 3 months requires systematic examination.
Through the above examinations, the cause of 90% of non-menstrual bleeding can be determined. Early diagnosis helps target treatment and avoid disease progression. It is recommended that female friends pay attention to abnormal bleeding signs and seek medical treatment in time.
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